Seborrheic dermatitis is a form of skin inflammation that affects around 5% of the world's population, affecting both men and women. It occurs mainly on the scalp, but can also affect the face and other areas rich in sebaceous glands.

The condition results from an imbalance in the skin microbiome, marked by excessive proliferation of certain yeasts of the Malassezia genus. Symptoms include red patches, intense itching, and thick dandruff forming yellow or whitish scales. Oily hair and dandruff are among the distinctive signs of this condition.

Seborrheic dermatitis is often triggered by seasonal changes, with periods of flare-up when symptoms intensify.
For infants, this condition is often referred to as "cradle cap", and usually resolves naturally within a few months without specific medical treatment. In adults, on the other hand, seborrheic dermatitis can be more persistent and requires appropriate treatment. Scalp eczema can also present with similar symptoms, making diagnosis even more crucial.

Seborrheic dermatitis: what are the causes and triggers?

Several factors can trigger or aggravate seborrheic dermatitis. Among them are :

Hormonal fluctuations: high levels of certain hormones can stimulate the sebaceous glands, increasing sebum production and promoting the proliferation of Malassezia.
Stress: Stress can also play a role in the onset of flare-ups, by affecting the immune system.
Seasonal changes: Periods of extreme cold or heat can exacerbate symptoms.
Certain medications: Certain treatments, such as antifungals or corticosteroids, can influence skin balance.
Diet: certain foods can trigger or aggravate the condition. People with seborrheic dermatitis should avoid foods high in refined sugars and saturated fats.

The importance of the skin microbiome

It is important to note that the skin microbiome plays a crucial role in the health of our skin. Under the influence of factors such as stress or hormonal imbalances, yeasts of the Malassezia genus proliferate, upsetting the balance of the microbiome. These yeasts feed on the sebum produced by the skin and release irritating compounds, triggering an inflammatory response in the scalp and the symptoms of seborrheic dermatitis. To promote a balanced skin microbiome, it's essential to eat a diet rich in probiotics, such as yoghurt, kefir or fermented vegetables. It's also advisable to use gentle, adapted hygiene products that respect the skin barrier, so as not to further alter this fragile microbiome.

How is seborrheic dermatitis treated?

What are the treatments and natural remedies available to get rid of seborrheic dermatitis? To help treat seborrheic dermatitis, here are the main approaches for adults:

1. Help reduce Malassezia yeast by using antifungal shampoos containing ingredients such as miconazole or climbazole, which are effective against these yeasts. Cystiphane DS Anti-Intensive Dandruff shampoo is recommended for its effectiveness against intense dandruff. It works from the very first application, visibly reducing dandruff, flaking, and redness, while reducing itching. Its unique formula, combining salicylic acid and antimicrobial agents, ensures rapid, long-lasting action.
2. Fight inflammation: Anti-inflammatory treatments, such as corticosteroids, can be use to soothe redness and itching. It is essential to use them under medical supervision to avoid side effects. Topical steroids can reduce inflammation, but their use must be limited in time to avoid adverse effects on the skin.
3. Improve seborrhea regulation: In the case of oily scalps, it's important to use specific shampoos that regulate sebum production, helping to prevent the recurrence of dandruff. Shampoos containing clay or activated charcoal can help absorb excess sebum.
4. Avoid certain foods in the case of seborrheic dermatitis: in particular, refined sugars, which can exacerbate inflammation and microbiome imbalance; dairy products or foods rich in saturated fats, which can also contribute to increased sebum production. A balanced diet rich in fruit, vegetables, and omega-3 fatty acids (found in fish and nuts) can promote healthy skin.
5. Maintain a regular hair care routine: Washing hair with a mild shampoo can help reduce the build-up of sebum and dandruff. However, washing too often can have the opposite effect by drying out the scalp, leading to excessive sebum production in response. It is therefore advisable to wash hair in moderation, depending on your scalp type, and to opt for products tailored to your specific needs to maintain a healthy balance.
6. Manage daily stress: Practicing relaxation techniques such as yoga or meditation can help reduce flare-ups. Studies show that chronic stress can affect immunity and aggravate skin problems, including seborrheic dermatitis.

Seborrheic dermatitis is a common but manageable condition. By adopting a proactive approach including targeted treatments, dietary adjustments and stress management practices, it is possible to significantly reduce symptoms and promote a healthy scalp. If you're having trouble managing your symptoms, don't hesitate to consult a dermatologist, who can guide you towards the best treatment options for your situation.

FAQ

"I've just started my antifungal treatment and my symptoms seem to be getting worse. What should I do?"

It's normal for symptoms to fluctuate when treatment is initiated. If they persist beyond a few weeks, consult your dermatologist to assess the effectiveness of the treatment or consider other options.

"Is it possible to cure seborrheic dermatitis for good?"

Seborrheic dermatitis is a chronic condition, but it can be effectively managed with the right treatments and care. Although prolonged periods of remission can be achieved, flare-ups can recur. It is therefore crucial to maintain a routine of care even during periods of remission.

"Can an antifungal shampoo alone cure me?"

An antifungal shampoo, such as Cystiphane DS, can greatly help control symptoms, but it is often necessary to adopt a combined approach including skin care, anti-inflammatory medication, and dietary adjustments for optimal treatment.